The letter υ (upsilon) can be transliterated as either u or y. The letter γ (gamma) is usually transliterated as g, but n is used instead when it occurs before certain letters: The two letters γ (gamma) and υ (upsilon) may be transliterated different ways, depending on the context. If you come across the latter form at the beginning or in the middle of a word, refer to the double letters section below. The form ς is used only at the end of a word. The form σ is used only non-finally (beginning or middle of a word). If you find a letter that doesn't look like any of the above, see below under variant forms and ligatures. And you can tell apart capital/lower-case pairs like Oo and Ss by their size. In English, you would never confuse "l" (ell) with "j" (jay), no matter how flyspecky or damaged they are, because one goes up and the other one goes down.
The position of a letter is just as important as its shape.
The last column shows the letters inline with alpha. Just like the Roman alphabet, Greek letters may go either above or below the line. These are the usual forms of the Greek letters. 3.2 Transliteration markup around punctuation.1.2 Letters with Multiple Transliterations.
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